Quality assurance and Quality control

Quality assurance: refers to the planned and systematic activities implemented in a quality system so that quality requirements for a product or service will be fulfilled.
There are two principles included in QA: "Fit for purpose" in English , the product should be suitable for the intended purpose ; and "Right first time", the mistakes should be eliminated. QA includes management of the quality of raw materials, assemblies products and components, services related to production and management, production , and inspection processes


Quality Control: is a short process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved in production
QC has three aspects :
1. elements such as controls, job management, defined and well managed processes, performance and integrity criteria, and identification of records.
2. competence
3. Soft elements, such as personal integrity.

controls include product inspection where every product is examined visually.

MITOCHondrial EVE!!!!

Mitochondrial eve has been known to a lot of people to be the descendant of all humans black, white, Asian, Hispanic, and all races derive from. in the field of human genetics refers to the most common ancestor of modern humans. Mitochondrial Eve is the mother of all races, she is the mother of all humans today. But here is the kicker Mitochondrial Eve is not from male descendants but are descendants from ones mother side. Mitochondrial DNA  is passed from mother to offspring without recombination, all mitochondrial DNA in every living person is directly descended from the maternal side
. Mitochondrial Eve is the female counterpart of Y-chromosomal Adam the patrimonial and the most recent common ancestor. Mitochondrial Eve is estimated to have lived around 200,000 years ago most likely in east Africa. 

  

Phlogiston Theory

The phlogison theory was put forward in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher as an attempt to explain the combustion process and the rusting of metals both of which are now known as oxidation.

The Phlogiston theory said all flammable substance had phlogiston within them. It was something that did not have any color, smell, taste or mass that was released upon burning. After everything was burned, only then would the dephologisticated, substance would take its true form.

Animal testing harmful really......BUT it is.

Many say that animal testing is wrong or cruel or unethical by some standards in which they are right. Many cynics might say that if one can't test on animals then would you rather them test on humans? which as human beings we look to better options if we have the best minds in science as we say we do.  Not only are results obtained from animal testing unreliable, but animal testing puts animals through a lot of unnecessary suffering. There are a lot of tests that present harmful elements for animals:


The Draize Eye Test
This test is used to test shampoos, weed-killers, pesticides, household detergents and riot natural gases. The substances are applied to the eyes of conscious rabbits in order to test irritancy. Apart from the cruelty of this test, a rabbit's eye is a bad model and there are major differences between a rabbit's eye and a human eye.

The LD50
Rabbits, dogs, cats, mice and guinea pigs are used in the LD50 test and it's used to test lipsticks, skin-care products such as moisturisers and cleaners, shampoos and nail polish. The LD50 test (Lethal Dose 50 percent) is administered by introducing the ingredients under investigation into the animal via the mouth or intravenously.


Skin Test for Toxicity
Rats are used in this test. Their fur is shaved and the substance to be tested is applied thickly to the exposed skin.


Many say that these innovations involving animals have helped humans use products significantly but it is not right to harm animals period!.

1. reasons why animal testing is wrong: It's unethical to sentence 100 million thinking, feeling animals to life in a laboratory cage and intentionally cause them pain, loneliness, and fear.
2. It's bad science. The Food and Drug Administration reports that 92 out of every 100 drugs that pass animal tests fail in humans.
3. It's wasteful. Animal experiments prolong the suffering of people waiting for effective cures by misleadinexperimenters and squandering precious money, time, and resources that could have been spent on human-relevant research. 
4. It's archaic. Forward-thinking scientists have developed humane, modern, and effective non-animal research methods, including human-based microdosing, in vitro technology, human-patient simulators, and sophisticated computer modeling, that are cheaper, faster, and more accurate than animal tests.
5. The world doesn't need another eyeliner, hand soap, food ingredient, drug for erectile dysfunction, or pesticide so badly that it should come at the expense of animals' lives.

Standard Operating Procedure: How to Make a PB&J

Overview: Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches are a tasty snack for any occasion and often even provide one with the satisfaction of a whole meal. However proper PB&J preparation can be tricky and therefore must be handled with the utmost efficiency and care.

Materials & Supplies:

• Peanut Butter
• Jelly (jam would also suffice; flavor is subjective)
• Bread
• Knife
• Napkin (plate or any clean surface would also work)

Procedure:

1. Spread out napkin on flat stable surface.
2. Pick up to slices of bread and lay flat on napkin so that both slices are side by side.
3. Unscrew the lids of both Peanut Butter jar and Jelly jar so that the jars are open and ready for use. Place lids to the side until end of sandwich preparation.
4. Pick up knife so that blade is pointing away from the user, and with free hand pick up the jar of Peanut Butter.
5. Place knife into Peanut Butter jar and using the flat side of the blade, in a sweeping motion, get a glob of peanut butter on knife. Set jar down.
6. Move knife over one slice of bread and with a slight flicking motion, drop glob of peanut butter onto the open face of the slice of bread. Using a spreading motion, use the flat surface of the knife blade to smooth the glob of peanut butter evenly over the surface of the bread face.
7. Clean off knife blade with water or extra napkin.
8. Using the jelly jar and the unused slice of bread, repeat steps 5-7.
9. Place knife to the side. Carefully pick up both slices of bread so that faces without substance touch the hand surface and faces of the bread with substance are turned outward.
10. Press faces of bread with substance together so that the peanut butter side of the bread is pressed to the jelly side of the other piece of bread.
11. Enjoy eating sandwich.

Quality Control:

• Be careful not to press the sharp part of the knife blade to skin or to use knife carelessly so as to gauge anyone or anything.
• Bread should not have any mold on it, nor should the peanut butter or jelly used be expired.
• When putting sandwich together, be sure to align bread so that the shape of one piece aligns with the shape of the other.

Peanut butter or jelly falling out of sandwich is an indication of too much jelly or peanut butter. Sandwich tasting dry or sticking to the roof of one’s mouth is an indication of not having used enough 

The life of a plant

This week in class we learned about giving life...... NOT in that way get your mind out the gutter but in a different sense cultivating plant life and making a plant from scratch. We learned that life is all in the eye of the beholder which in this case was my eyes and with my hands piling up dirt in a small plastic cup. It is so funny how it works one minute we are all laughing and learning about making Jacob's latter and then trying to grow plants. WOW, scientific inquiry is kinda fun when it all boils down to it.

Inductive and Deductive reasoning (whats this all about)

Deductive reasoning: starts with a general case and deduces specific instances.

Deduction starts with an assumed hypothesis or theory

Deduction is used by scientists who take a general scientific law and apply it to a certain case, as they assume that the law is true. Deduction can also be used to test an induction by applying it elsewhere, although in this case the initial theory is assumed to be true only temporarily.

In certain cases we can look at this statement:  All penguins are black, the bird I saw on TV was a penguin  therefore the bird was black

Interesting..........................................................

Another example...... 

Deductive reasoning assumes that the basic law from which you are arguing is applicable in ALL cases. This can let you take a rule and apply it perhaps where it was not really meant to be applied.

Scientists will prove a general law for a particular case and then do many deductive experiments  to demonstrate that the law holds true in many different circumstances.

There is a law against smoking. Stop it now. 

You see how that works

Inductive reasoning:  

Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule. It draws inferences from observations in order to make generalizations.

Inference can be done in four stages:

1. Observation: collect facts, without bias.
2. Analysis: classify the facts, identifying patterns o of regularity.
3. Inference: From the patterns, infer generalizations about the relations between the facts.
4. Confirmation: Testing the inference through further observation.

Example the percentage of black penguins over time 

one has to collect difference factors over time like, conditions, population, and and food sources. 

The creatures of the Burgess Shale continued

A video of The

 Anomalocaris!!!!!

A colored picture of the 

 Anomalocaris!!!!!!

The creatures of the Burgess Shale.

This picture is the creature 

Anomalocaris!!!!! who was the only known predator of the Burgess Shale. with its claws to grasp its prey it looked to me that it would be very cool to choose. the Anomalocaris!!!!! for it's size was not all that big like your modern predator, like your shark or barracuda but in it's hay day just as dangerous.

The Location of the Burgess Shale

The Burgess Shale Map

The Burgess Shale

I care about putting the information up my blog about the Burgess Shale because it shows indications about the earth's history. I care because it shows just more than human beings it shows living organisms who learned how to adapt, think, and process. The Burgess shale brings along a philosophy of what we know as punctuated evolution and the development of small organisms.

Methods of Communication

Elements of Communication

People must learn to communicate so that they can teach other people to communicate so that they can teach other people to learn. Many times this happens through visual learning.  People can communicate through pictures, body language, words, and writing. Over the years styles of communicating have even evolved from solely pictures, to writing, to computer chats. Learning to communicate is important because you can fail to relate your point to another individual if you don’t know how to communicate in their way. Technology has helped to improve this problem by providing people with many different kinds of communicating tools right at their fingertips. However, if computers aren’t available, the easiest form of communicating is still through pictures. Even if a person doesn’t speak another person’s language, pictures or drawings still relay the message pretty well. Communicating correct, unbiased information got people can be accomplished if the people speaking or relaying the information can do it in a clear fashion.

            

Visual Learning Continued

From the time that we are born we have been mimics. Believe it or not we have copied what we have seen from someone else and made it our own from since we learned to say our first words or what type of clothes to put on the next day. We learn from each other everyday whether it is the mistakes we make as people or what the hard teacher called life throws at us everyday. Since the first day we could open our eyes we could see certain things like people walking, which laid the foundation for one to take their first steps. Then you see people talking which showed us a form of communication rather than just crying and wailing so someone could get our attention. Forget what others have taught you everything we do in life is through visual learning and for the most part does not come naturally. If you were brought up by animals, lets say you were raised by wolves would you basically start speaking English or any international native tongue if A. you never heard before and B. you never seen a human being in your life. The answer is unmistakably no. For the most part you would first and foremost act like a wolf you would try to howl like one, hunt one, and necessarily survive like one and not like a human being. There is one thing that comes natural to us humans and that is learning and surviving. As human beings we use an ability to grasp things and learn what we need to know purposely so we can't survive. We must learn the lessons of one touches the stove while it is hot you will get burned and by demonstrating that you will learn not to touch the stove again. We learn from each other by communication. If one sees another do wrong chances are the person that witnessed that wrong being done probably won't try that same action that their counterpart just used. We learn from each other by not other communication but by social norms and taboos. The folkways and norms we have learned since we kids did not just fall out the sky, they were developed over time by other human beings who thought that it was either acceptable or unacceptable. We know from learning from different social norms that for example, if it was 95 degrees outside you would wear a sweater, now naturally of course if you wore a sweater in 95 degree whether you would feel it but that is not the point. The point is that you learned that is not the social norm to do it not because you'll pass out if you do it but because you would learn that it would not be favorable among your peers. So we learn lots of things from each other as human beings. Some things good. A lot more bad but one thing we can't say is that we are all individuals because for the simple fact that since we were small we were know as copycats and nothing else.

The Quick Brown Fox Jumps over the Lazy Dog

Visual learning