Inductive and Deductive reasoning (whats this all about)

Deductive reasoning: starts with a general case and deduces specific instances.

Deduction starts with an assumed hypothesis or theory

Deduction is used by scientists who take a general scientific law and apply it to a certain case, as they assume that the law is true. Deduction can also be used to test an induction by applying it elsewhere, although in this case the initial theory is assumed to be true only temporarily.

In certain cases we can look at this statement:  All penguins are black, the bird I saw on TV was a penguin  therefore the bird was black

Interesting..........................................................

Another example...... 

Deductive reasoning assumes that the basic law from which you are arguing is applicable in ALL cases. This can let you take a rule and apply it perhaps where it was not really meant to be applied.

Scientists will prove a general law for a particular case and then do many deductive experiments  to demonstrate that the law holds true in many different circumstances.

There is a law against smoking. Stop it now. 

You see how that works

Inductive reasoning:  

Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule. It draws inferences from observations in order to make generalizations.

Inference can be done in four stages:

1. Observation: collect facts, without bias.
2. Analysis: classify the facts, identifying patterns o of regularity.
3. Inference: From the patterns, infer generalizations about the relations between the facts.
4. Confirmation: Testing the inference through further observation.

Example the percentage of black penguins over time 

one has to collect difference factors over time like, conditions, population, and and food sources.