Standard Operating Procedure: How to Make a PB&J

Overview: Peanut Butter and Jelly sandwiches are a tasty snack for any occasion and often even provide one with the satisfaction of a whole meal. However proper PB&J preparation can be tricky and therefore must be handled with the utmost efficiency and care.

Materials & Supplies:

• Peanut Butter
• Jelly (jam would also suffice; flavor is subjective)
• Bread
• Knife
• Napkin (plate or any clean surface would also work)

Procedure:

1. Spread out napkin on flat stable surface.
2. Pick up to slices of bread and lay flat on napkin so that both slices are side by side.
3. Unscrew the lids of both Peanut Butter jar and Jelly jar so that the jars are open and ready for use. Place lids to the side until end of sandwich preparation.
4. Pick up knife so that blade is pointing away from the user, and with free hand pick up the jar of Peanut Butter.
5. Place knife into Peanut Butter jar and using the flat side of the blade, in a sweeping motion, get a glob of peanut butter on knife. Set jar down.
6. Move knife over one slice of bread and with a slight flicking motion, drop glob of peanut butter onto the open face of the slice of bread. Using a spreading motion, use the flat surface of the knife blade to smooth the glob of peanut butter evenly over the surface of the bread face.
7. Clean off knife blade with water or extra napkin.
8. Using the jelly jar and the unused slice of bread, repeat steps 5-7.
9. Place knife to the side. Carefully pick up both slices of bread so that faces without substance touch the hand surface and faces of the bread with substance are turned outward.
10. Press faces of bread with substance together so that the peanut butter side of the bread is pressed to the jelly side of the other piece of bread.
11. Enjoy eating sandwich.

Quality Control:

• Be careful not to press the sharp part of the knife blade to skin or to use knife carelessly so as to gauge anyone or anything.
• Bread should not have any mold on it, nor should the peanut butter or jelly used be expired.
• When putting sandwich together, be sure to align bread so that the shape of one piece aligns with the shape of the other.

Peanut butter or jelly falling out of sandwich is an indication of too much jelly or peanut butter. Sandwich tasting dry or sticking to the roof of one’s mouth is an indication of not having used enough 

The life of a plant

This week in class we learned about giving life...... NOT in that way get your mind out the gutter but in a different sense cultivating plant life and making a plant from scratch. We learned that life is all in the eye of the beholder which in this case was my eyes and with my hands piling up dirt in a small plastic cup. It is so funny how it works one minute we are all laughing and learning about making Jacob's latter and then trying to grow plants. WOW, scientific inquiry is kinda fun when it all boils down to it.

Inductive and Deductive reasoning (whats this all about)

Deductive reasoning: starts with a general case and deduces specific instances.

Deduction starts with an assumed hypothesis or theory

Deduction is used by scientists who take a general scientific law and apply it to a certain case, as they assume that the law is true. Deduction can also be used to test an induction by applying it elsewhere, although in this case the initial theory is assumed to be true only temporarily.

In certain cases we can look at this statement:  All penguins are black, the bird I saw on TV was a penguin  therefore the bird was black

Interesting..........................................................

Another example...... 

Deductive reasoning assumes that the basic law from which you are arguing is applicable in ALL cases. This can let you take a rule and apply it perhaps where it was not really meant to be applied.

Scientists will prove a general law for a particular case and then do many deductive experiments  to demonstrate that the law holds true in many different circumstances.

There is a law against smoking. Stop it now. 

You see how that works

Inductive reasoning:  

Inductive reasoning, or induction, is reasoning from a specific case or cases and deriving a general rule. It draws inferences from observations in order to make generalizations.

Inference can be done in four stages:

1. Observation: collect facts, without bias.
2. Analysis: classify the facts, identifying patterns o of regularity.
3. Inference: From the patterns, infer generalizations about the relations between the facts.
4. Confirmation: Testing the inference through further observation.

Example the percentage of black penguins over time 

one has to collect difference factors over time like, conditions, population, and and food sources.